Effects of Moderate-Intensity Treadmill Training on Cardiac Mitochondrial Mitophagy and Dynamics in Young and Aged Wistar Rats

Authors

  • Julia Windi Gunadi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung
  • Difa Hidayat Ramadhan Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
  • Bernike Tirsa Safira Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
  • Andra Alifya Ramadhan Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
  • Roro Wahyudianingsih Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
  • Yenni Limyati Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
  • Hanna Goenawan Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Ronny Lesmana Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v13n1.4553

Keywords:

Aging, exercise training, gene expression, mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics

Abstract

Background: Cardiac aging is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired quality control mechanism. Exercise has been shown to modulate mitochondrial homeostasis, however, its effects on cardiac mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics during aging remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of moderate-intensity treadmill training on mitochondrial maintenance-related gene expression in the hearts of young and aged Wistar rats.

Methods: Young and aged rats were divided into four groups: young control, young exercise, aged control, and aged exercise (n=6 per group). Exercise groups performed treadmill running at 20 m/min for 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Cardiac gene expression levels of Pink1, Parkin, Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1, Drp1, and Fis1 were analyzed using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by appropriate post hoc analyses.

Results: Exercise significantly increased Mfn2 expression in aged exercise rats compared with aged controls (p=0.029), suggesting partial restoration of age-related decline. Expression of Mfn1 and Drp1 varied among groups but showed no significant pairwise differences. Expression levels of Opa1, Fis1, Pink1, and Parkin remained unchanged. These results indicate that moderate exercise selectively enhances mitochondrial fusion capacity while maintaining balanced fission and basal mitophagy activity.

Conclusion: Moderate-intensity treadmill training promotes mitochondrial  fusion-related adaptation in aging cardiac tissue. Regular moderate exercise may represent a potential non-pharmacological strategy to support mitochondrial function and mitigate cardiovascular aging.

 

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Published

2026-02-28

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Articles

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