Teratogenic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata Folium) on Mouse (Mus musculus) Fetus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.297Abstract
Background: Soursop leaf ethanol extract (Annona muricata (L.) Folium) contains acetogenins, bioactive compounds with cytotoxic properties that inhibit cell growth and proliferation. Although these compounds have demonstrated potential therapeutic effects, their safety during pregnancy remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the teratogenic effects of soursop leaf ethanol extract on mouse (Mus musculus) fetuses.
Methods: An experimental laboratory study was conducted at the Pharmacology and Therapy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, from October to November 2012. Twenty-seven pregnant mice were divided into three groups: a negative control group, a pre-implantation group receiving soursop leaf ethanol extract on gestational days 1–5, and an organogenesis group receiving the extract on gestational days 6–15. Laparotomy was performed on gestational day 19 to evaluate pregnancy outcomes. The parameters assessed included the number of implantation sites, live and dead or resorbed fetuses, fetal weight and length, and external macroscopic morphological abnormalities. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, followed by the independent t-test or Mann–Whitney test as appropriate.
Results: Significant differences in fetal weight and length were observed between the treated and control groups (p=0.000), indicating that soursop leaf ethanol extract inhibited intrauterine fetal growth. In addition, external morphological abnormalities were identified, including hemorrhage of the head, face, neck, back, forelimbs, and hindlimbs, as well as microcephaly.
Conclusion: Soursop leaf ethanol extract (Annona muricata (L.) Folium) exhibits teratogenic effects on mouse (Mus musculus) fetuses by impairing fetal growth and inducing external morphological abnormalities.
Keywords: Acetogenins, soursop leaf ethanol extract, teratogenic.
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